Solution for Frame with Support Settlement
When a frame structure is subjected to support settlement, huge amount of bending moment developed in the affected members. Here, we inspect the inte…
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Bridge-Tendon Protection
Prior to stressing, the tendons can be coated with soluble oil, which will be washed off when they are in use. After placing the tendons in ducts, …
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Bridge-Tendon Placement
For post-tensioned member, tendon can be placed by either pushing or pulling it through the ducting. Hand pushing is applicable for bar tendons or …
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Solution for Cantilever Propped with a Spring
When a cantilever is propped with a spring at its free end instead of a support, deflection may occur there. Nonetheless, the spring is still conside…
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Bridge-Bars for Prestressing
Prestressing steel bars are formed through the hot rolling process of steel rods. The surface of bars can be either smooth or deformed. The diame…
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Bridge-Strands and Tendons
A strand of wire is made up by twisting individual wires around an inner core wire. 7-wire strand is commonly used with diameter of either 13mm or …
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Moment Distribution for Sidesway Frame
Unsymmetrical frame will experience sidesway. Prior to the moment distribution process, we should establish two analysis cases using principle of sup…
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Bridge-Wire for Prestressing
Wires are produced through the cold-drawn process on steel rods. Typically, the diameter of wires varies from 5mm to 7mm, with tensile strength bet…
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Bridge-Prestressing Components
Prestressing involves different components. The main prestressed element can be either wires, strands, or bars. For post-tensioned beam, ducts ar…
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Bridge-Post-Tensioning
Post-tensioning is conducted by transferring the stress in tendons to hardened concrete. The installation of internal tendons involves pulling and …
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Bridge-Pre-tensioning
Pre-tensioning is conducted by stressing the positioned tendon prior to concrete casting. Before the concrete acquires sufficient strength, the ten…
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