Ultimate bearing capacity of a shallow foundation can be calculated using Terzaghi’s formula.
Empirical formulas
are available for three types of footing shape: strip, square and circle.
These formulas are
applicable to the case where the footing is above water table. The soil should
be dense and stiff as well.
Shear strength
parameters of soil hugely influence the bearing capacity factors used in the
formula. Thus, the cohesion and friction angle of soil should be obtained from
reliable source such as soil investigation.
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