Foundation-Pile Settlement Using T-z Method

In T-z method, a pile is split into multiple elements. Each of them attached a linear elastic spring that models the soil-pile interaction.

This method can take the compression of loaded pile into account.

This method requires iterations to determine the unknown forces and displacements along the pile, after the pile head (node 1) settlement is assumed.

The iterative process continues until the pile head load converges with the applied load.

Tools such as spreadsheet and software are recommended to determine the pile settlement using T-z method.