Differential settlement may cause damages in terms of architectural, structural or functional.
Angular distortion
usually associated with differential settlement. It is defined as the ratio of
differential settlement between two points to their distance. When angular distortion
is less than 1/300, no damage was observed.
Bjerrum (1963)
provided the angular distortion limits for various situations.
Other than angular
distortion, a structure may tilt as well.
Tilt limits for various
situations were provided by Charles & Skinner (2004).
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