Foundation-Horizontal Displacement of Pile

When the applied horizontal load and moment lie within the yield surface, horizontal displacement and rotation will occur at the head of pile.

The deformation usually occurs close to ground surface, and decreases with depth. The depth where the displacement is zero is also known as the critical length of pile.

The critical length may be calculated using method proposed by Randolph (1981), provided the shear modulus of soil increases linearly with depth.



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