1mW Water Reticulation Design to SPAN-UTG 003
Water Pipe Design
Water pipes can be categorized based on its material. The suitability of pipe material often depends on the ground condition.
Hazen-Williams equation is often used to determine the pipe velocity and capacity. Headloss equation is used to check if the pipeline complies with the hydraulic requirements.
Under peak flow scenario, the residual pressure head should be at least 7.5m higher than highest supply level (HSL) for all nodes. For fire flow scenario, the reference changes to building platform level.
The headloss gradient under peak flow scenario should not be greater than 2m/km. For fire flow scenario, the threshold is 15m/km instead.
Flow velocity should be limited from 0.3m/s to 2m/s.
However, pumped system may not need to comply with the headloss gradient and velocity requirements.
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