Carbonation refers to the process where concrete reacts to the carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide permeates into the concrete…
Read moreCreep is the time-dependent increase in concrete strain due to stresses. It can occur under all types of loading, namely compression, tension and tor…
Read more1mW Sewerage Design to MSIG (012) Disinfection Tank Before discharging the effluent to water body, disinfection is conducted to eliminate the bacteri…
Read moreShrinkage is the reduction of concrete volume due to the settlement of solid and loss of moisture. Plastic shrinkage commonly occurs in slab and pa…
Read moreWhen managing a project, we may use critical path method to identify the activities that govern the entire progress. To do so, we first define all th…
Read more1mW Sewerage Design to MSIG 011 Clarifier Tank After biological treatment, the effluent is discharged to clarifier. At this point, it is expected to …
Read moreThe typical stress-strain diagram of concrete starts with a linear elastic range, then followed by nonlinearity until the maximum stress. Such nonl…
Read moreWhen studying the mechanics of materials, we often treat our subject as a continuum. A material may then be categorized based on its isotropy and hom…
Read more1mW Sewerage Design to MSIG (010) Aeration Tank After denitrification process, the concentration of nitrates in mixed liquor has been reduced and th…
Read moreFlexural test is another way to measure the concrete tensile strength. Beam with its depth equals to one-third of length is subjected to third-poin…
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