Infiltration
is the process where water from precipitation seeps into the ground. By
inspecting the moisture content of soil, we may demarcate four moisture zones,
namely saturated zone, transition zone, transmission zone and wetting zone.
In
hydrological study related to infiltration, we are interested in infiltration
capacity and field capacity. Infiltration capacity is the maximum rate of water
absorption by the ground, while field capacity is the maximum volume of water
that can be retained by the ground.
When the
rainfall intensity is lower than the infiltration capacity of the ground, all
the water received from precipitation can infiltrate smoothly. When the storm
intensity is higher than the infiltration capacity, some water will be
discharged away as runoff.
Factors
affecting the infiltration capacity of soil include soil properties, surface
conditions and fluid characteristics.
The following shows the concepts and information related to infiltration. Watch the video above for full details.
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