Design shear force and bending moment in a pile cap can be determined by treating it as an inverted cantilever subject to concentrated load. The location of loads would be the pile points, while their working load is commonly used as design loading.
The reinforcement area to be provided in one direction should be determined based on the moment induced in that direction. As for the shear force, critical section should be defined first. Then, we can use equilibrium to calculate the shear force developed in each of those sections. Other than bending moment and shear force, we also need to check the section resistance against punching shear. For this process, we need to focus on the column face. As for the punching shear in basic control perimeter of piles, it may not be necessary if the pile spacing does not exceed 3 times the pile diameter.
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